Internal-Arts Lineage Map — Bagua · Xingyi · Baji

A single map of the transmission trees this wiki documents in depth: Baguazhang and Xingyiquan (two of the three classical internal arts), and the closely-allied Baji / Pigua. It exists to turn the scattered biographies into one navigable picture — and to show the cross-threads that individual pages cannot: the way these lines touch one another and converge in the Republican-era synthesis. (Taiji, the third internal art, has its own tree on the sister wiki taiji.openmindspace.org. For the separate, extinct Ming "internal family" of Wang Zhengnan, see the Wang Zhengnan Epitaph and 內家拳法.)

八卦掌 Baguazhang

Dong Haichuan (董海川, c. 1797–1882) — founder; circle-walking

• Yin Fu (尹福) — Yin style (tight, hard, ox-tongue palm)

  • Gong Baotian (宮寶田) — imperial bodyguard; to Shandong

    • Liu Yunqiao (劉雲樵) — carried the Yin-Bagua into the Baji world ↘ (see Baji)

• Cheng Tinghua (程廷華) — Cheng style (open, large frame; wrestling)

  • Sun Lutang (孫祿堂) — Bagua component ↘ (see Convergence)

  • Gao Yisheng (高義盛) — Gao style (64 linear palms)

• Liang Zhenpu (梁振蒲) — Liang style

形意拳 Xingyiquan

Legendary origin: Ji Jike (姬際可, 17th c.) → … → Dai Longbang (戴龍邦, Dai-family Xinyi) Li Luoneng (李洛能, c. 1808–1890) — reshaped Dai Xinyi into modern Xingyi; the fountainhead

• Guo Yunshen (郭雲深) — "half-step Beng Quan beats all under heaven"

  • Wang Xiangzhai (王薌齋) — founded Yiquan / Dachengquan

  • → (via Li Kuiyuan) Sun Lutang — Xingyi component ↘

• Liu Qilan (劉奇蘭) — Hebei branch pillar

  • Li Cunyi (李存義) — founded the Chinese Warriors' Association (1912)

  • Liu Dianchen (劉殿琛) — author of 形意拳術抉微 (1920)

  • Zhang Zhaodong (張占魁) — Tianjin Xingyi-Bagua

• Song Shirong (宋世榮) — Song style (內功四經; soft-neutralizing)

• Che Yizhai (車毅齋) — Shanxi branch leader

  • Li Fuzhen "Chang You" (李復禎), Bu Xuekuan (布學寬), Fan Yongqing (樊永慶)

八極・劈掛 Baji & Pigua

Mengcun Wu family (吳氏) → Huang Sihai (黃四海) Li Shuwen (李書文, 1864–1934) — *"Divine Spear"; married Baji to *Pigua

• Huo Dian'ge (霍殿閣) — bodyguard to the last emperor Puyi

• Liu Yunqiao (劉雲樵) — founded Wutan (武壇), Taiwan, 1971

  • Su Yu-Chang (蘇昱彰) — Baji to the West

  • Adam Hsu (徐紀) — Baji + traditional method in the West

The convergence — and the cross-threads

What the separate trees hide is how tightly they are woven:

• Sun Lutang** is the great knot.** He studied Xingyi (Guo Yunshen's line), Bagua (Cheng Tinghua), and Taiji (Hao Weizhen) — and in his 1915–1924 books argued the three were one internal art, creating Sun style and, in effect, the modern "internal arts" category itself.

• Liu Yunqiao** ties Bagua to Baji.** His primary art was Baji (under Li Shuwen), but he also inherited Yin-style Bagua through Gong Baotian — so the Dong Haichuan → Yin Fu line and the Li Shuwen Baji line meet in one man, and travel together to Taiwan.

• The Hebei heartland. 深縣 (Shen County), Hebei alone produced Xingyi's Li Luoneng and Guo Yunshen, Bagua's Cheng Tinghua, and Xingyi's Liu Qilan and Li Cunyi — a single county at the root of much of the whole map. 滄州 (Cangzhou) plays the same role for Baji.

See also

Bagua Palm (八卦掌) — the style overview

Xingyi (形意拳) — the style overview

Baji (八極拳) — the style overview

Sun Lutang (孫祿堂) — the synthesizer at the center of the map

Internal vs External — what 'internal' means, and its limits

A Short History of Chinese Martial Arts

Sources

[1] The individual biography and style pages linked above, each with its own sourcing (Chinese/English Wikipedia, Sun Lutang's 1924 testimony via Brennan, and the held codex manuals).

[2] 孫祿堂 (Sun Lutang), 拳意述真 (1923) and his Xingyi/Bagua/Taiji treatises — the texts that first framed the three arts as one internal family and supply much of the cross-lineage record.